Progressive Gender Attitudes, Time to First Birth and Sex Selection in Delhi
نویسندگان
چکیده
Statistical evidence shows that the sex ratio of India's total population is unnaturally male biased (Jha et al. (2011)). There is however disagreement on whether sex selective abortions are practiced for the first birth (Jha et al. (2006), Retherford and Roy (2003)). Using data from the NFHS-3 this paper first finds out that sex ratios for firstborns in Delhi, Punjab and Rajasthan do have significantly less females than the biologically normal ratio and creates an index of women's progressivism using a multilevel latent factor model. Progressivism is defined in terms of attitudes and perceptions favouring the advancement of women towards better conditions in society. Delhi is then taken as a case study and the effect of progressivism on the firstborn's gender and the first birth interval is assessed using competing risk models. The main findings are: (i) A one-standard deviation increase in the progressivism index increases the likelihood of a firstborn girl by 5.8 percentage points compared to women who have not yet given birth. This effect is robust to the set of covariates used to create the index and increases for different subsamples; (ii) More progressive women do not experience longer first birth intervals which, consistent with the first result, may indicate that they are less inclined to sex-select their firstborn. These results imply that women should be taught about their human rights and gender equality. More generally, regional governments should introduce interventions aimed at subsidizing and empowering girls.
منابع مشابه
First Birth Sex Selection in Delhi, India: The Role of Progressive Gender Attitudes
This paper uses a latent factor model to create an index to measure how progressive (liberal, non-patriarchal) women's attitudes towards gender are in India. It then assesses the e ect of progressivity on the sex of the rst child and on the duration from marriage to rst birth in Delhi. In contrast to what previous literature have found by pooling data for the whole of India, Delhi has an unnatu...
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